Agtivity

Definitions

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The words defined here are used as the basis on which to build a vocabulary and set of definitions for the terms needed to define and discuss software agents.

These definitions of English words were derived from the Merriam-Webster WWWebster Online Dictionary located at <http://www.m-w.com/dictionary.htm>. None of the wording has been changed, but some definitions have been left out if, in my opinion, they weren't particularly relevant to the purpose of this page.

Vocabulary

agent
1 : one that acts or exerts power
2 a : something that produces or is capable of producing an effect :
      an active or efficient cause
  b : a chemically, physically, or biologically active principle
3 : a means or instrument by which a guiding intelligence achieves
    a result
4 : one who is authorized to act for or in the place of another:
    as a : a representative, emissary, or official of a government
            
       b : one engaged in undercover activities (as espionage) :
           SPY 
       c : a business representative (as of an athlete or entertainer)
           

aim
2 a : the pointing of a weapon at a mark
  b : the ability to hit a target
  c : a weapon's accuracy or effectiveness
3 obsolete a : CONJECTURE, GUESS
  b : the directing of effort toward a goal
4 : a clearly directed intent or purpose

analytic
1 : of or relating to analysis or analytics;
    especially : separating something into component parts or
    constituent elements
2 : being a proposition (as "no bachelor is married") whose truth is
    evident from the meaning of the words it contains -- compare SYNTHETIC
3 : skilled in or using analysis especially in thinking or reasoning
    
4 : characterized by analysis rather than inflection 
5 : PSYCHOANALYTIC
6 : treated or treatable by or using the methods of algebra and calculus
7 a of a function of a real variable : capable of being expanded in a
    Taylor's series in powers of x ­ h in some neighborhood of the point h
  b of a function of a complex variable : differentiable at every point
    in some neighborhood of a given point or points

artificial
1 : humanly contrived often on a natural model : MAN-MADE
     
2 a : having existence in legal, economic, or political theory
  b : caused or produced by a human and especially social or
      political agency 
      
3 obsolete : ARTFUL, CUNNING
4 a : lacking in natural or spontaneous quality 
      
  [??? where's "b"???]
  c : IMITATION, SHAM 
5 : based on differential morphological characters not necessarily
    indicative of natural relationships 

artificial intelligence
1 : the capability of a machine to imitate intelligent human behavior
2 : a branch of computer science dealing with the simulation of
    intelligent behavior in computers

attribute
1 : an inherent characteristic; also : an accidental quality
2 : an object closely associated with or belonging to a specific
    person, thing, or office ;
    especially : such an object used for identification in painting
    or sculpture
3 : a word ascribing a quality; especially : ADJECTIVE

be
1 a : to equal in meaning : have the same connotation as :
      SYMBOLIZE  
      
  b : to have identity with 
  c : to constitute the same class as
  d : to have a specified qualification or characterization
      
  e : to belong to the class of  -- used
      regularly in senses 1a through 1e as the copula of simple
      predication
2 a : to have an objective existence : have reality or actuality :
      LIVE  
  b : to have, maintain, or occupy a place, situation, or position
      
  c : to remain unmolested, undisturbed, or uninterrupted
      -- used only in infinitive form 
  d : to take place : OCCUR 
  e : to come or go 
      
  f archaic : BELONG, BEFALL

behavior
1 a : the manner of conducting oneself
  b : anything that an organism does involving action and response
      to stimulation
  c : the response of an individual, group, or species to its environment
2 : the way in which someone behaves; also : an instance of such behavior
3 : the way in which something functions or operates

being
1 a : the quality or state of having existence
  b (1) : something conceivable as existing
    (2) : something that actually exists
    (3) : the totality of existing things
  c : conscious existence : LIFE
2 : the qualities that constitute an existent thing : ESSENCE;
    especially : PERSONALITY
3 : a living thing; especially : PERSON

binomial nomenclature
a system of nomenclature in which each species of animal or plant receives
a name of two terms of which the first identifies the genus to which it
belongs and the second the species itself

category
1 : any of several fundamental and distinct classes to which entities or
    concepts belong
2 : a division within a system of classification 

characteristic
1 : a distinguishing trait, quality, or property
2 : the integral part of a common logarithm
3 : the smallest positive integer n which for an operation in a ring or
    field yields 0 when any element is used n times with the operation

class
2 a : a group sharing the same economic or social status 
  b : social rank; especially : high social rank
  c : high quality : ELEGANCE
3 : a group, set, or kind sharing common attributes:
      as a : a major category in biological taxonomy ranking above the order
             and below the phylum or division
         b : a collection of adjacent and discrete or continuous values of
             a random variable
         c : SET
4 : a division or rating based on grade or quality
5 : the best of its kind  

classification
1 : the act or process of classifying
2 a : systematic arrangement in groups or categories according to established
      criteria; specifically : TAXONOMY
  b : CLASS, CATEGORY

clever
1 a : skillful or adroit in using the hands or body : NIMBLE
  b : mentally quick and resourceful but often lacking in depth
      and soundness
2 : marked by wit or ingenuity
3 dialect
  a : GOOD
  b : easy to use or handle

clone
1 a : the aggregate of the asexually produced progeny of an individual;
      also : a group of replicas of all or part of a macromolecule
      (as DNA or an antibody)
  b : an individual grown from a single somatic cell of its parent
      and genetically identical to it
2 : one that appears to be a copy of an original form 
verb
1 : to propagate a clone from
2 : to make a copy of

comprehend
1 : to grasp the nature, significance, or meaning of
2 : to contain or hold within a total scope, significance, or amount
    
3 : to include by construction or implication 

comprehension
1 a : the act or action of grasping with the intellect : UNDERSTANDING
  b : knowledge gained by comprehending
  c : the capacity for understanding fully
2 a : the act or process of comprising
  b : the faculty or capability of including : COMPREHENSIVENESS
3 : CONNOTATION 3

computer
one that computes;
specifically : a programmable electronic device that can store,
retrieve, and process data

concept
1 : something conceived in the mind : THOUGHT, NOTION
2 : an abstract or generic idea generalized from particular instances

culture
2 : the act of developing the intellectual and moral faculties especially
    by education
3 : expert care and training 
4 a : enlightenment and excellence of taste acquired by intellectual and
      aesthetic training
  b : acquaintance with and taste in fine arts, humanities, and broad
      aspects of science as distinguished from vocational and technical skills
5 a : the integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that
      depends upon man's capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge
      to succeeding generations
  b : the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial,
      religious, or social group
  c : the set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that
      characterizes a company or corporation
6 : cultivation of living material in prepared nutrient media;
    also : a product of such cultivation

cyberspace
the on-line world of computer networks

definition
1 : an act of determining; specifically : the formal proclamation
    of a Roman Catholic dogma
2 a : a statement expressing the essential nature of something
  b : a statement of the meaning of a word or word group or a sign
      or symbol 
  c : a product of defining
3 : the action or process of defining
4 a : the action or the power of describing, explaining, or making
      definite and clear 
      
  b (1) : clarity of visual presentation : distinctness of outline
          or detail 
    (2) : clarity especially of musical sound in reproduction
  c : sharp demarcation of outlines or limits 

device
1 : something devised or contrived:
    as a (1) : PLAN, PROCEDURE, TECHNIQUE
         (2) : a scheme to deceive : STRATAGEM, TRICK
       b : something fanciful, elaborate, or intricate in design
       c : something (as a figure of speech) in a literary work
           designed to achieve a particular artistic effect
       d archaic : MASQUE, SPECTACLE
       e : a conventional stage practice or means (as a stage
           whisper) used to achieve a particular dramatic effect
       f : a piece of equipment or a mechanism designed to serve
           a special purpose or perform a special function
2 : DESIRE, INCLINATION 
3 : an emblematic design used especially as a heraldic bearing

dictionary
1 : a reference book containing words usually alphabetically arranged
    along with information about their forms, pronunciations,
    functions, etymologies, meanings, and syntactical and idiomatic uses
2 : a reference book listing alphabetically terms or names important to
    a particular subject or activity along with discussion of their
    meanings and applications
3 : a reference book giving for words of one language equivalents in another
4 : a list (as of items of data or words) stored in a computer for reference
    (as for information retrieval or word processing)

digital computer
a computer that operates with numbers expressed directly as digits

distinguish
1 : to perceive a difference in : mentally separate 
2 a : to mark as separate or different
  b : to separate into kinds, classes, or categories
  c : to give prominence or distinction to 
  d : CHARACTERIZE
3 a : DISCERN 
  b : to single out : take special notice of
intransitive senses : to perceive a difference

elegance
1 a : refined grace or dignified propriety : URBANITY
  b : tasteful richness of design or ornamentation 
  c : dignified gracefulness or restrained beauty of style : POLISH 
  d : scientific precision, neatness, and simplicity 
2 : something that is elegant

end
1 a : the part of an area that lies at the boundary
  b (1) : a point that marks the extent of something
    (2) : the point where something ceases to exist 
  c : the extreme or last part lengthwise : TIP
  d : the terminal unit of something spatial that is marked off by units
  e : a player stationed at the extremity of a line (as in football)
2 a : cessation of a course of action, pursuit, or activity
  b : DEATH, DESTRUCTION
  c (1) : the ultimate state
    (2) : RESULT, ISSUE
3 : something incomplete, fragmentary, or undersized : REMNANT
4 a : an outcome worked toward : PURPOSE 
  b : the object by virtue of or for the sake of which an event
      takes place
5 a : a share in an undertaking 
  b : a particular operation or aspect of an undertaking or
      organization 
6 : something that is extreme : ULTIMATE -- used with the
7 : a period of action or turn in any of various sports events
    (as archery or lawn bowling)

entity
1 a : BEING, EXISTENCE; especially : independent, separate, or
     self-contained existence
  b : the existence of a thing as contrasted with its attributes
2 : something that has separate and distinct existence and objective
    or conceptual reality

environment
1 : the circumstances, objects, or conditions by which one is surrounded
2 a : the complex of physical, chemical, and biotic factors (as climate,
      soil, and living things) that act upon an organism or an ecological
      community and ultimately determine its form and survival
  b : the aggregate of social and cultural conditions that influence the
      life of an individual or community
3 : the position or characteristic position of a linguistic element in a
    sequence

ethic
1 plural but singular or plural in construction : the discipline
  dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation
2 a : a set of moral principles or values
  b : a theory or system of moral values 
  c plural but singular or plural in construction : the principles of
    conduct governing an individual or a group 
  d : a guiding philosophy

expert
1 obsolete : EXPERIENCED
2 : having, involving, or displaying special skill or knowledge
    derived from training or experience

goal
1 a : the terminal point of a race
  b : an area to be reached safely in children's games
2 : the end toward which effort is directed : AIM
3 a : an area or object toward which players in various games attempt
      to advance a ball or puck and usually through or into which it
      must go to score points
  b : the act or action of causing a ball or puck to go through or into
      such a goal
  c : the score resulting from such an act

human
noun
a bipedal primate mammal (Homo sapiens) : MAN;
broadly : any living or extinct member of the family (Hominidae) to
which the primate belongs
adjective
1 : of, relating to, or characteristic of humans
2 : consisting of humans
3 a : having human form or attributes
  b : susceptible to or representative of the sympathies and frailties
      of human nature 

idea
1 a : a transcendent entity that is a real pattern of which existing
      things are imperfect representations
  b : a standard of perfection : IDEAL
  c : a plan for action : DESIGN
2 archaic : a visible representation of a conception : a replica of
  a pattern
3 a obsolete : an image recalled by memory
  b : an indefinite or unformed conception
  c : an entity (as a thought, concept, sensation, or image) actually
      or potentially present to consciousness
4 : a formulated thought or opinion
5 : whatever is known or supposed about something 
6 : the central meaning or chief end of a particular action or situation
7 Christian Science : an image in Mind

intelligence
1 a (1) : the ability to learn or understand or to deal with new
          or trying situations : REASON; also : the skilled use
          of reason
    (2) : the ability to apply knowledge to manipulate one's
          environment or to think abstractly as measured by
          objective criteria (as tests)
  b Christian Science : the basic eternal quality of divine Mind
  c : mental acuteness : SHREWDNESS
2 a : an intelligent entity; especially : ANGEL
  b : intelligent minds or mind 
3 : the act of understanding : COMPREHENSION
4 a : INFORMATION, NEWS
  b : information concerning an enemy or possible enemy or an area;
      also : an agency engaged in obtaining such information
5 : the ability to perform computer functions 

intelligent
1 a : having or indicating a high or satisfactory degree of
      intelligence and mental capacity
  b : revealing or reflecting good judgment or sound
      thought : SKILLFUL
2 a : possessing intelligence
  b : guided or directed by intellect : RATIONAL
3 a : guided or controlled by a computer; especially : using a
      built-in microprocessor for automatic operation, for
      processing of data, or for achieving greater versatility
      -- compare DUMB 7
  b : able to produce printed material from digital signals
      

intention
1 : a determination to act in a certain way : RESOLVE
2 : IMPORT, SIGNIFICANCE
3 a : what one intends to do or bring about
  b : the object for which a prayer, mass, or pious act is offered
4 : a process or manner of healing of incised wounds
5 : CONCEPT; especially : a concept considered as the product of
    attention directed to an object of knowledge
6 plural : purpose with respect to marriage

kind
1 a archaic : NATURE
  b archaic : FAMILY, LINEAGE
2 archaic : MANNER
3 : fundamental nature or quality : ESSENCE
4 a : a group united by common traits or interests : CATEGORY
  b : a specific or recognized variety 
  c : a doubtful or barely admissible member of a category 
5 a : goods or commodities as distinguished from money 
  b : the equivalent of what has been offered or received

knowledge
1 obsolete : COGNIZANCE
2 a (1) : the fact or condition of knowing something with familiarity
          gained through experience or association
    (2) : acquaintance with or understanding of a science, art, or
          technique
  b (1) : the fact or condition of being aware of something
    (2) : the range of one's information or understanding 
  c : the circumstance or condition of apprehending truth or fact
      through reasoning : COGNITION
  d : the fact or condition of having information or of being learned
      
4 a : the sum of what is known : the body of truth, information, and
      principles acquired by mankind
  b archaic : a branch of learning

learn
transitive senses
1 a (1) : to gain knowledge or understanding of or skill in by study,
          instruction, or experience 
    (2) : MEMORIZE 
  b : to come to be able 
  c : to come to realize 
2 a nonstand : TEACH
  b obsolete : to inform of something
3 : to come to know : HEAR 
intransitive senses : to acquire knowledge or skill or a behavioral tendency

lexicon
1 : a book containing an alphabetical arrangement of the words in a
    language and their definitions : DICTIONARY
2 a : the vocabulary of a language, an individual speaker or group
      of speakers, or a subject
  b : the total stock of morphemes in a language
3 : REPERTOIRE, INVENTORY

machine
1 a archaic : a constructed thing whether material or immaterial
  b : CONVEYANCE, VEHICLE; especially : AUTOMOBILE
  c archaic : a military engine
  d : any of various apparatuses formerly used to produce stage effects
  e (1) : an assemblage of parts that transmit forces, motion, and
          energy one to another in a predetermined manner
    (2) : an instrument (as a lever) designed to transmit or modify
          the application of power, force, or motion
  f : a mechanically, electrically, or electronically operated device for
      performing a task  
  g : a coin-operated device 
  h : MACHINERY -- used with the or in plural
2 a : a living organism or one of its functional systems
  b : a person or organization that resembles a machine (as in being
      methodical, tireless, or unemotional)
  c (1) : a combination of persons acting together for a common end
          along with the agencies they use
    (2) : a highly organized political group under the leadership of
          a boss or small clique
3 : a literary device or contrivance introduced for dramatic effect

mean, meaning
transitive senses
1 a : to have in the mind as a purpose : INTEND 
      -- sometimes used interjectionally with I, chiefly in informal
      speech for emphasis  or to introduce
      a phrase restating the point of a preceding phrase 
  b : to design for or destine to a specified purpose or future
      
2 : to serve or intend to convey, show, or indicate : SIGNIFY
    
3 : to have importance to the degree of 
4 : to direct to a particular individual
intransitive senses : to have an intended purpose 

mechanism
1 a : a piece of machinery
  b : a process or technique for achieving a result
2 : mechanical operation or action : WORKING 2
3 : a doctrine that holds natural processes (as of life) to be
    mechanically determined and capable of complete explanation by the
    laws of physics and chemistry
4 : the fundamental physical or chemical processes involved in or
    responsible for an action, reaction, or other natural phenomenon
    (as organic evolution)

name
1 a : a word or phrase that constitutes the distinctive designation
      of a person or thing
  b : a word or symbol used in logic to designate an entity
2 : a descriptive often disparaging epithet 
3 a : REPUTATION 
  b : an illustrious record : FAME 
  c : a person or thing with a reputation
4 : FAMILY, CLAN
5 : appearance as opposed to reality 
6 : one referred to by a name 

natural
1 : based on an inherent sense of right and wrong 
2 a : being in accordance with or determined by nature
  b : having or constituting a classification based on features existing
      in nature
3 a (1) : begotten as distinguished from adopted; also : LEGITIMATE
    (2) : being a relation by actual consanguinity as distinguished from
          adoption 
  b : ILLEGITIMATE 
4 : having an essential relation with someone or something :
    following from the nature of the one in question 
5 : implanted or being as if implanted by nature : seemingly inborn
    
6 : of or relating to nature as an object of study and research
7 : having a specified character by nature 
8 a : occurring in conformity with the ordinary course of nature :
      not marvelous or supernatural 
  b : formulated by human reason alone rather than revelation
       
  c : having a normal or usual character 
9 : possessing or exhibiting the higher qualities (as kindliness and
    affection) of human nature 
10 a : growing without human care; also : not cultivated 
   b : existing in or produced by nature : not artificial 
       
   c : relating to or being natural food
11 a : being in a state of nature without spiritual enlightenment :
       UNREGENERATE 
   b : living in or as if in a state of nature untouched by the
       influences of civilization and society
12 a : having a physical or real existence as contrasted with one that is
       spiritual, intellectual, or fictitious 
   b : of, relating to, or operating in the physical as opposed to the
       spiritual world 
13 a : closely resembling an original : true to nature
   b : marked by easy simplicity and freedom from artificiality,
       affectation, or constraint c : having a form or appearance
       found in nature
14 a : having neither flats nor sharps 
   b : being neither sharp nor flat
   c : having the pitch modified by the natural sign

nature
1 a : the inherent character or basic constitution of a person or
      thing : ESSENCE
  b : DISPOSITION, TEMPERAMENT
2 a : a creative and controlling force in the universe
  b : an inner force or the sum of such forces in an individual
3 : a kind or class usually distinguished by fundamental or essential
    characteristics 
    
4 : the physical constitution or drives of an organism;
    especially : an excretory organ or function -- used in phrases
    like the call of nature
5 : a spontaneous attitude (as of generosity)
6 : the external world in its entirety
7 a : humankind's original or natural condition
  b : a simplified mode of life resembling this condition
8 : the genetically controlled qualities of an organism
9 : natural scenery

object
1 a : something material that may be perceived by the senses
      
  b : something that when viewed stirs a particular emotion (as pity)
      
2 : something mental or physical toward which thought, feeling, or
    action is directed   
3 a : the goal or end of an effort or activity : PURPOSE, OBJECTIVE
      
  b : a cause for attention or concern 
4 : a thing that forms an element of or constitutes the subject
    matter of an investigation or science
5 a : a noun or noun equivalent (as a pronoun, gerund, or clause)
      denoting the goal or result of the action of a verb
  b : a noun or noun equivalent in a prepositional phrase

network
1 : a fabric or structure of cords or wires that cross at regular
    intervals and are knotted or secured at the crossings
2 : a system of lines or channels resembling a network
3 a : an interconnected or interrelated chain, group, or system
      
  b : a system of computers, terminals, and databases connected
      by communications lines
4 a : a group of radio or television stations linked by wire or
      radio relay
  b : a radio or television company that produces programs for
      broadcast over such a network

nimble
1 : quick and light in motion : AGILE 
2 a : marked by quick, alert, clever conception, comprehension,
      or resourcefulness 
  b : RESPONSIVE, SENSITIVE 

nomenclature
1 : NAME, DESIGNATION
2 : the act or process or an instance of naming
3 a : a system or set of terms or symbols especially in a particular science,
      discipline, or art
  b : an international system of standardized New Latin names used in biology
      for kinds and groups of kinds of animals and plants

objective
1 : a lens or system of lenses that forms an image of an object
2 a : something toward which effort is directed : an aim, goal,
      or end of action
  b : a strategic position to be attained or a purpose to be achieved
      by a military operation

ontology
1 : a branch of metaphysics concerned with the nature and relations of being
2 : a particular theory about the nature of being or the kinds of existents

organization
1 a : the act or process of organizing or of being organized
  b : the condition or manner of being organized
2 a : ASSOCIATION, SOCIETY 
  b : an administrative and functional structure (as a business or
      a political party); also : the personnel of such a structure

organize
transitive senses
1 : to cause to develop an organic structure
2 : to form into a coherent unity or functioning whole : INTEGRATE
    
3 a : to set up an administrative structure for
  b : to persuade to associate in an organization;
      especially : UNIONIZE
4 : to arrange by systematic planning and united effort
intransitive senses
1 : to undergo physical or organic organization
2 : to arrange elements into a whole of interdependent parts
3 : to form an organization; specifically : to form or persuade
    workers to join a union

plan
1 : a drawing or diagram drawn on a plane:
    as a : a top or horizontal view of an object
       b : a large-scale map of a small area
2 a : a method for achieving an end
  b : an often customary method of doing something : PROCEDURE
  c : a detailed formulation of a program of action
  d : GOAL, AIM
3 : an orderly arrangement of parts of an overall design or objective
4 : a detailed program (as for payment or the provision of some
    service) 

polish
1 b : freedom from rudeness or coarseness : CULTURE
  c : a state of high development or refinement

procedure
1 a : a particular way of accomplishing something or of acting
  b : a step in a procedure
2 a : a series of steps followed in a regular definite order
       
  b : a series of instructions for a computer that has a name by
      which it can be called into action
3 a : a traditional or established way of doing things
  b : PROTOCOL 3a

program
1 [Late Latin programma, from Greek] : a public notice
2 a : a brief usually printed outline of the order to be followed,
      of the features to be presented, and the persons participating
      (as in a public exercise or performance)
  b : the performance of a program; especially : a performance
      broadcast on radio or television
3 : a plan or system under which action may be taken toward a goal
4 : CURRICULUM
5 : PROSPECTUS, SYLLABUS
6 a : a plan for the programming of a mechanism (as a computer)
  b : a sequence of coded instructions that can be inserted into a
      mechanism (as a computer);
      also : such a sequence that is part of an organism's genotype
             or behavioral repertoire

property
1 a : a quality or trait belonging and especially peculiar to an
      individual or thing
  b : an effect that an object has on another object or on the senses
  c : VIRTUE 3
  d : an attribute common to all members of a class
2 a : something owned or possessed; specifically : a piece of real estate
  b : the exclusive right to possess, enjoy, and dispose of a thing : OWNERSHIP
  c : something to which a person or business has a legal title
  d : one (as a performer) under contract whose work is especially valuable
3 : an article or object used in a play or motion picture except painted
    scenery and costumes

protocol
1 : an original draft, minute, or record of a document or transaction
2 a : a preliminary memorandum often formulated and signed by
      diplomatic negotiators as a basis for a final convention
      or treaty
  b : the records or minutes of a diplomatic conference or congress
      that show officially the agreements arrived at by the negotiators
3 a : a code prescribing strict adherence to correct etiquette and
      precedence (as in diplomatic exchange and in the military services)
  b : a set of conventions governing the treatment and especially the
      formatting of data in an electronic communications system
4 : a detailed plan of a scientific or medical experiment, treatment,
    or procedure

purpose
1 a : something set up as an object or end to be attained : INTENTION
  b : RESOLUTION, DETERMINATION
2 : a subject under discussion or an action in course of execution

quality
1 a : peculiar and essential character : NATURE 
  b : an inherent feature : PROPERTY 
  c : CAPACITY, ROLE 
4 a : a distinguishing attribute : CHARACTERISTIC 
  b archaic : an acquired skill : ACCOMPLISHMENT
5 : the character in a logical proposition of being affirmative or negative
6 : vividness of hue
8 : the attribute of an elementary sensation that makes it fundamentally
    unlike any other sensation

queue
2 : a waiting line especially of persons or vehicles
3 a : a sequence of messages or jobs held in auxiliary storage awaiting
      transmission or processing
  b : a data structure that consists of a list of records such that
      records are added at one end and removed from the other

rational
1 a : having reason or understanding
  b : relating to, based on, or agreeable to reason : REASONABLE
       

real
1 : of or relating to fixed, permanent, or immovable things
    (as lands or tenements)
2 a : not artificial, fraudulent, illusory, or apparent : GENUINE
      ;
      also : being precisely what the name implies 
  b (1) : occurring in fact 
    (2) : of or relating to practical or everyday concerns or activities
          
    (3) : existing as a physical entity and having properties that
          deviate from an ideal, law, or standard 
          -- compare IDEAL 3b
  c : having objective independent existence 
  d : FUNDAMENTAL, ESSENTIAL
  e (1) : belonging to or having elements or components that belong to
          the set of real numbers 
          
    (2) : concerned with or containing real numbers 
    (3) : REAL-VALUED 
  f : measured by purchasing power  
  g : COMPLETE, UTTER 
3 of a particle : capable of being detected -- compare VIRTUAL 3

reality
1 : the quality or state of being real
2 a (1) : a real event, entity, or state of affairs 
    (2) : the totality of real things and events 
  b : something that is neither derivative nor dependent but exists
      necessarily

reason
1 a : a statement offered in explanation or justification 
  b : a rational ground or motive 
  c : a sufficient ground of explanation or of logical defense;
      especially : something (as a principle or law) that supports a
      conclusion or explains a fact 
  d : the thing that makes some fact intelligible : CAUSE  
2 a (1) : the power of comprehending, inferring, or thinking especially
          in orderly rational ways : INTELLIGENCE
    (2) : proper exercise of the mind
    (3) : SANITY b : the sum of the intellectual powers
3 archaic : treatment that affords satisfaction

reasonable
1 a : being in accordance with reason 
  b : not extreme or excessive 
  c : MODERATE, FAIR  
  d : INEXPENSIVE
2 a : having the faculty of reason
  b : possessing sound judgment

relate
transitive senses
1 : to give an account of : TELL
2 : to show or establish logical or causal connection between
    
intransitive senses
1 : to apply or take effect retroactively
2 : to have relationship or connection 
3 : to have or establish a relationship : INTERACT 
4 : to respond especially favorably 

relationship
1 : the state of being related or interrelated 
2 : the relation connecting or binding participants in a
    relationship:
    as a : KINSHIP b : a specific instance or type of kinship
3 a : a state of affairs existing between those having relations
      or dealings 
  b : a romantic or passionate attachment

robot
1 a : a machine that looks like a human being and performs various
      complex acts (as walking or talking) of a human being;
      also : a similar but fictional machine whose lack of capacity
             for human emotions is often emphasized
  b : an efficient insensitive person who functions automatically
2 : a device that automatically performs complicated often
      repetitive tasks
3 : a mechanism guided by automatic controls

scheme
1 a archaic (1) : a mathematical or astronomical diagram
            (2) : a representation of the astrological aspects of the
                  planets at a particular time
  b : a graphic sketch or outline
2 : a concise statement or table : EPITOME
3 : a plan or program of action; especially : a crafty or secret one
4 : a systematic or organized framework : DESIGN

series
1 a : a number of things or events of the same class coming one after
      another in spatial or temporal succession 
      
  b : a set of regularly presented television programs each of which
      is complete in itself
2 : the indicated sum of a usually infinite sequence of numbers
3 a : the coins or currency of a particular country and period
  b : a group of postage stamps in different denominations
4 : a succession of volumes or issues published with related subjects
    or authors, similar format and price, or continuous numbering
5 : a division of rock formations that is smaller than a system and
    comprises rocks deposited during an epoch
6 : a group of chemical compounds related in composition and structure
7 : an arrangement of the parts of or elements in an electric circuit
    whereby the whole current passes through each part or element
    without branching -- compare PARALLEL
8 : a set of vowels connected by ablaut (as i, a, u in ring, rang, rung)
9 : a number of games (as of baseball) played usually on consecutive
    days between two teams 
10 : a group of successive coordinate sentence elements joined together
11 : SOIL SERIES
12 : three consecutive games in bowling

server
1 : one that serves food or drink
2 : the player who serves (as in tennis)
3 : something used in serving food or drink
4 : one that serves legal processes upon another
5 : the celebrant's assistant at low mass
6 : a computer in a network that is used to provide services (as access
    to files or shared peripherals or the routing of electronic mail)
    to other computers in the network

set
1 a : the act or action of setting b : the condition of being set
2 : a number of things of the same kind that belong or are used together 
3 a : mental inclination, tendency, or habit : BENT  b : a state of psychological preparedness usually of limited duration for action in response to an anticipated stimulus or situation 
4 : direction of flow 
5 : form or carriage of the body or of its parts 
6 : the manner of fitting or of being placed or suspended 
7 : amount of deflection from a straight line 
8 : permanent change of form (as of metal) due to repeated or excessive stress
9 : the act or result of arranging hair by curling or waving
10 also sett /'set/ a : a young plant or rooted cutting ready for transplanting b : a small bulb, corm, or tuber or a piece of tuber used for propagation 
11 or sett : the burrow of a badger
12 : the width of the body of a piece of type
13 : an artificial setting for a scene of a theatrical or film production
14 also sett : a rectangular paving stone of sandstone or granite
15 : a division of a tennis match won by the side that wins at least six games beating the opponent by two games or by winning a tiebreaker
16 : a collection of books or periodicals forming a unit
17 : a clutch of eggs
18 : the basic formation in a country-dance or square dance
19 : a session of music (as jazz or dance music) usually followed by an intermission; also : the music played at one session
20 : a group of persons associated by common interests
21 : a collection of elements and especially mathematical ones (as numbers or points) -- called also class
22 : an apparatus of electronic components assembled so as to function as a unit 
23 : a usually offensive formation in football or basketball
24 : a group of a specific number of repetitions of a particular exercise 

shrewd
1 archaic : MISCHIEVOUS
2 obsolete : ABUSIVE, SHREWISH
3 obsolete : OMINOUS, DANGEROUS
4 a : SEVERE, HARD 
  b : SHARP, PIERCING 
5 a : marked by clever discerning awareness and hardheaded acumen
      
  b : given to wily and artful ways or dealing 

skill
2 a : the ability to use one's knowledge effectively and readily
      in execution or performance
  b : dexterity or coordination especially in the execution of
      learned physical tasks
3 : a learned power of doing something competently : a developed
    aptitude or ability 

skillful
1 : possessed of or displaying skill : EXPERT
2 : accomplished with skill

sociable
1 : inclined by nature to companionship with others of the same
    species : SOCIAL
2 a : inclined to seek or enjoy companionship
  b : marked by or conducive to friendliness or pleasant social
      relations

social
1 : involving allies or confederates 
2 a : marked by or passed in pleasant companionship with one's friends
      or associates 
  b : SOCIABLE
  c : of, relating to, or designed for sociability 
3 : of or relating to human society, the interaction of the individual
    and the group, or the welfare of human beings as members of society
    
4 a : tending to form cooperative and interdependent relationships with
      others of one's kind : GREGARIOUS
  b : living and breeding in more or less organized communities
      
  c of a plant : tending to grow in groups or masses so as to form a
                 pure stand
5 a : of, relating to, or based on rank or status in a particular
      society 
  b : of, relating to, or characteristic of the upper classes
  c : FORMAL

software
something used or associated with and usually contrasted with hardware:
as a : the entire set of programs, procedures, and related documentation
       associated with a system and especially a computer system;
       specifically : computer programs
   b : materials for use with audiovisual equipment

strategy
1 a (1) : the science and art of employing the political, economic,
          psychological, and military forces of a nation or group of
          nations to afford the maximum support to adopted policies
          in peace or war
    (2) : the science and art of military command exercised to meet
          the enemy in combat under advantageous conditions
  b : a variety of or instance of the use of strategy
2 a : a careful plan or method : a clever stratagem
  b : the art of devising or employing plans or stratagems toward a goal
3 : an adaptation or complex of adaptations (as of behavior, metabolism,
    or structure) that serves or appears to serve an important function
    in achieving evolutionary success 

synthetic
1 : relating to or involving synthesis : not analytic
2 : attributing to a subject something determined by observation rather
    than analysis of the nature of the subject and not resulting in
    self-contradiction if negated -- compare ANALYTIC
3 : characterized by frequent and systematic use of inflected forms to
    express grammatical relationships
4 a (1) : of, relating to, or produced by chemical or biochemical
          synthesis; especially : produced artificially
           
    (2) : of or relating to a synfuel
  b : devised, arranged, or fabricated for special situations to
      imitate or replace usual realities
  c : FACTITIOUS, BOGUS

system
1 : a regularly interacting or interdependent group of items forming a
    unified whole :
    as a (1) : a group of interacting bodies under the influence of
               related forces 
         (2) : an assemblage of substances that is in or tends to
               equilibrium 
       b (1) : a group of body organs that together perform one or
               more vital functions 
         (2) : the body considered as a functional unit
       c : a group of related natural objects or forces 
       d : a group of devices or artificial objects or an organization
           forming a network especially for distributing something or
           serving a common purpose    
       e : a major division of rocks usually larger than a series and
           including all formed during a period or era
       f : a form of social, economic, or political organization or
           practice 
2 : an organized set of doctrines, ideas, or principles usually intended
    to explain the arrangement or working of a systematic whole 
3 a : an organized or established procedure 
  b : a manner of classifying, symbolizing, or schematizing  
4 : harmonious arrangement or pattern : ORDER 
5 : an organized society or social situation regarded as stultifying :
    ESTABLISHMENT 2 -- usually used with the

systematics
1 : the science of classification
2 a : a system of classification
  b : the classification and study of organisms with regard to their natural
      relationships : TAXONOMY 

taxonomy
1 : the study of the general principles of scientific classification : SYSTEMATICS
2 : CLASSIFICATION; especially : orderly classification of plants and animals
    according to their presumed natural relationships

term
4 a : a word or expression that has a precise meaning in some uses or is
      peculiar to a science, art, profession, or subject 
  b plural : expression of a specified kind 

terminology
1 : the technical or special terms used in a business, art, science, or special subject
2 : nomenclature as a field of study

trait
1 a : a stroke of or as if of a pencil
  b : TOUCH, TRACE
2 a : a distinguishing quality (as of personal character) : PECULIARITY
  b : an inherited characteristic

type
1 a : a person or thing (as in the Old Testament) believed to
      foreshadow another (as in the New Testament)
  b : one having qualities of a higher category : MODEL
  c : a lower taxonomic category selected as a standard of
      reference for a higher category;
      also : a specimen or series of specimens on which a taxonomic
      species or subspecies is actually based
2 : a distinctive mark or sign
4 a : qualities common to a number of individuals that distinguish
      them as an identifiable class:
      as (1) : the morphological, physiological, or ecological characters
               by which relationship between organisms may be recognized
         (2) : the form common to all instances of a linguistic element
  b : a typical and often superior specimen
  c : a member of an indicated class or variety of people 
  d : a particular kind, class, or group 
      
  e : something distinguishable as a variety : SORT 

understand
transitive senses
1 a : to grasp the meaning of 
  b : to grasp the reasonableness of 
  c : to have thorough or technical acquaintance with or expertness
      in the practice of 
  d : to be thoroughly familiar with the character and propensities
      of 
2 : to accept as a fact or truth or regard as plausible without utter
    certainty 
3 : to interpret in one of a number of possible ways
4 : to supply in thought as though expressed <"to be married" is commonly understood after the word engaged>
intransitive senses
1 : to have understanding : have the power of comprehension
2 : to achieve a grasp of the nature, significance, or explanation
    of something
3 : to believe or infer something to be the case
4 : to show a sympathetic or tolerant attitude toward something

urbane
notably polite or finished in manner : POLISHED

urbanity
1 : the quality or state of being urbane
2 plural : urbane acts or conduct 

virtual reality
an artificial environment which is experienced through sensory stimuli
(as sights and sounds) provided by a computer and in which one's
actions partially determine what happens in the environment

vocabulary
1 : a list or collection of words or of words and phrases usually
alphabetically arranged and explained or defined : LEXICON
2 a : a sum or stock of words employed by a language, group,
      individual, or work or in a field of knowledge
  b : a list or collection of terms or codes available for use
      (as in an indexing system)
3 : a supply of expressive techniques or devices (as of an art form)

word
1 a : something that is said
  b plural (1) : TALK, DISCOURSE 
           (2) : the text of a vocal musical composition
  c : a brief remark or conversation 
2 a (1) : a speech sound or series of speech sounds that symbolizes and
          communicates a meaning without being divisible into smaller
          units capable of independent use
    (2) : the entire set of linguistic forms produced by combining a
          single base with various inflectional elements without change
          in the part of speech elements
  b (1) : a written or printed character or combination of characters
          representing a spoken word 
          -- sometimes used with the first letter of a real or
          pretended taboo word prefixed often as a humorous euphemism
           
    (2) : any segment of written or printed discourse ordinarily
          appearing between spaces or between a space and a
          punctuation mark
  c : a number of bytes processed as a unit and conveying a quantum
      of information in communication and computer work
3 : ORDER, COMMAND 
4 often capitalized
  a : LOGOS
  b : GOSPEL 1a
  c : the expressed or manifested mind and will of God
5 a : NEWS, INFORMATION 
  b : RUMOR
6 : the act of speaking or of making verbal communication
7 : SAYING, PROVERB
8 : PROMISE, DECLARATION 
9 : a quarrelsome utterance or conversation -- usually used in plural
    
10 : a verbal signal : PASSWORD

world
1 a : the earthly state of human existence
  b : life after death -- used with a qualifier 
2 : the earth with its inhabitants and all things upon it
3 : individual course of life : CAREER
4 : the inhabitants of the earth : the human race
5 a : the concerns of the earth and its affairs as distinguished
      from heaven and the life to come b : secular affairs
6 : the system of created things : UNIVERSE
7 a : a division or generation of the inhabitants of the earth
      distinguished by living together at the same place or at
      the same time 
  b : a distinctive class of persons or their sphere of interest
       
8 : human society 
9 : a part or section of the earth that is a separate independent unit
10 : the sphere or scene of one's life and action 
11 : an indefinite multitude or a great quantity or distance  
12 : the whole body of living persons : PUBLIC 
13 : KINGDOM 5 
14 : a celestial body (as a planet)

---------

kingdom
5 a : one of the three primary divisions into which natural objects are commonly
      classified -- compare ANIMAL KINGDOM, MINERAL KINGDOM, PLANT KINGDOM
  b : a major category (as Plantae or Protista) in biological taxonomy that ranks
      above the phylum and is the highest and most encompassing group

division
10 : a group of organisms forming part of a larger group;
     specifically : a primary category of the plant kingdom

phylum
1 a : a direct line of descent within a group
  b : a group that constitutes or has the unity of a phylum;
      especially : one of the usually primary divisions of the animal kingdom

class
3 : a group, set, or kind sharing common attributes: as
    a : a major category in biological taxonomy ranking above the order
        and below the phylum or division

order
3 b : a class of persons or things grouped according to quality, value, or natural
      characteristics:
      as (1) : a category of taxonomic classification ranking above the family and
               below the class
family
6 a : a group of related plants or animals forming a category ranking above a genus
      and below an order and usually comprising several to many genera

genus
1 : a class, kind, or group marked by common characteristics or by one common
    characteristic;
    specifically : a category of biological classification ranking between the
    family and the species, comprising structurally or phylogenetically related
    species or an isolated species exhibiting unusual differentiation, and being
    designated by a Latin or latinized capitalized singular noun
2 : a class of objects divided into several subordinate species

subgenus
a category in biological classification ranking below a genus and above a species

species
1 a : KIND, SORT
  b : a class of individuals having common attributes and designated by a common name;
      specifically : a logical division of a genus or more comprehensive class
  c : the human race : human beings -- often used with the 
  d (1) : a category of biological classification ranking immediately below the genus
          or subgenus, comprising related organisms or populations potentially capable
          of interbreeding, and being designated by a binomial that consists of the
          name of a genus followed by a Latin or latinized uncapitalized noun or
          adjective agreeing grammatically with the genus name
    (2) : an individual or kind belonging to a biological species
  e : a particular kind of atomic nucleus, atom, molecule, or ion

organism
1 : a complex structure of interdependent and subordinate elements
    whose relations and properties are largely determined by their
    function in the whole
2 : an individual constituted to carry on the activities of life by
    means of organs separate in function but mutually dependent : a living being

population
1 a : the whole number of people or inhabitants in a country or region
  b : the total of individuals occupying an area or making up a whole
  c : the total of particles at a particular energy level -- used
      especially of atoms in a laser
2 : the act or process of populating
3 a : a body of persons or individuals having a quality or characteristic
      in common
  b (1) : the organisms inhabiting a particular locality
    (2) : a group of interbreeding organisms that represents the level of
          organization at which speciation begins
4 : a group of individual persons, objects, or items from which samples are
    taken for statistical measurement

speciation
the process of biological species formation

breed
1 : to produce (offspring) by hatching or gestation
2 a : BEGET 1
  b : PRODUCE, ENGENDER 
3 : to propagate (plants or animals) sexually and usually under controlled
    conditions 
4 a : BRING UP, NURTURE 
  b : to inculcate by training 
5 a : 4MATE 3 b : to mate with : INSEMINATE c : IMPREGNATE 2
6 : to produce (a fissionable element) by bombarding a nonfissionable element
    with neutrons from a radioactive element
intransitive senses
1 a : to produce offspring by sexual union
  b : COPULATE, MATE
2 : to propagate animals or plants

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Updated: November 04, 2005 05:08:09 PM -0500

Copyright © 2001 John W. Krupansky d/b/a Base Technology